02 Paintings, The art of War, Eugène Delacroixand Patrick Caulfield 's Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi, with footnotes

Eugène Delacroix  (1798–1863)

La Grèce sur les ruines de Missolonghi/ Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi, c. 1826

Oil on canvas

height: 208 cm (81.8 in); width: 147 cm (57.8 in)

Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux 

Greece is depicted as a kneeling woman who occupies the major part of the painting. She is wearing a traditional Greek costume, her chest being widely bare, and she spreads her arms as a sign of sadness.

Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi is an 1826 oil painting by French painter Eugène Delacroix, and now preserved at the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux. This painting was inspired by the Third Siege of Missolonghi by the Ottoman forces in 1826, during which many people of the city after the long-time siege (almost a year) decided to attempt a mass breakout to escape famine and epidemics. The attempt resulted in a disaster, with the larger part of the Greeks slain. More on this painting

Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863) was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic school.

As a painter and muralist, Delacroix's use of expressive brushstrokes and his study of the optical effects of colour profoundly shaped the work of the Impressionists, while his passion for the exotic inspired the artists of the Symbolist movement. A fine lithographer, Delacroix illustrated various works of William Shakespeare, the Scottish author Walter Scott and the German author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Delacroix took for his inspiration the art of Rubens and painters of the Venetian Renaissance, with an attendant emphasis on colour and movement rather than clarity of outline and carefully modelled form. Dramatic and romantic content characterized the central themes of his maturity, and led him not to the classical models of Greek and Roman art, but to travel in North Africa, in search of the exotic. Friend and spiritual heir to Théodore Géricault, Delacroix was also inspired by Lord Byron, with whom he shared a strong identification with the "forces of the sublime", of nature in often violent action.

However, Delacroix was given to neither sentimentality nor bombast, and his Romanticism was that of an individualist. In the words of Baudelaire, "Delacroix was passionately in love with passion, but coldly determined to express passion as clearly as possible." More on Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix

Patrick Caulfield 1936–2005

Greece Expiring on the Ruins of Missolonghi (after Delacroix)

Oil paint on board

1524 × 1219 mm

Tate

Patrick Caulfield (b. 1936, London, England; d. 2005, London, England) is a British painter and printmaker known for his pared down, still lifes and interiors, carefully composed with thick black lines and even fields of colour. Human figures are rarely depicted, but tell-tale signs of human presence abound in Caulfield's enigmatic world. Often, it is impossible to resolve perspective in his painting, an effect mirrored by the depiction of hidden spaces: jugs, pots, windows and blind corners. Although Caulfield came to be associated with British Pop art he saw himself as a formalist painter working in the tradition of Braque, Gris and Matisse. 

Caulfield studied at Chelsea School of Art (1956–1960) and the Royal College of Art (1960–1963), subsequently teaching at Chelsea from 1963 until 1971. His first solo exhibition was at the Robert Fraser Gallery, London in 1965. He took part in many solo and group exhibitions both in Britain and internationally. More on Patrick Caulfield

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