01 Painting, The art of War, André Fougeron's Massacre at Sakiet, with footnotes

André Fougeron 1913–1998

Massacre à Sakiet III

Oil paint on canvas

970 × 1950

Tate

Sakiet Sidi Youssef is a town and commune in the Kef Governorate, Tunisia, near the border with Algeria.

On 8 February 1958, it was bombarded by French forces in the belief that it was serving as a refuge for Algerian independence fighters. About 20 French bombers and fighters attacked causing at least 70 deaths and 130 wounded. This event sparked an international outcry and helped precipitate the end of the Algerian War. More on Sakiet

The crisis of French colonial policy became especially acute in the mid-1950s as indigenous peoples in North Africa fought for independence. In Algeria which was considered integral to France by the then government, there were acts of violence on all sides. The Communist Party actively supported the cause of colonised peoples and this is reflected in Fougeron's choice of subject matter for Massacre at Sakiet III.  More on this painting

André Fougeron was a visual artist. André Fougeron was born in 1913 and died in 1998. Also born in 1913 and of this same generation are Michelangelo Conte, Alston Emerson Emery, Eugene Harris, Peter Paul Dubaniewicz, and Wim Burger.

Emerging as a major figure in the avant-garde movements that defined France's early 20th century cultural identity, Aragon's long career as a poet, novelist, communist polemicist and bona-fide war hero, secured him his place in the pantheon of French literary greats. With André Breton and Phillipe Soupault, Aragon launched the Surrealist movement and through his 1926 novel, Paysan de Paris (Paris Peasant), produced what is considered by most to be the movement's defining literary text. Having parted company with the movement in the early 1930s, Aragon devoted his energies to the French Communist Party and went on to produce a vast body of literature that combined elements of the avant-garde and social realism. Following the death of his beloved wife, Elsa Triolet, Aragon emerged as a public figure who positively flaunted his new identity as a dandyish homosexual around Paris. More on André Fougeron

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