09 Works, The Art of War, Maxwell, Donald's British Navy in Palestine, 1st World War, with footnotes

The Sinai and Palestine campaign was part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, taking place between January 1915 and October 1918. The British Empire, the French Third Republic, and the Kingdom of Italy fought alongside the Arab Revolt in opposition to the Ottoman Empire, the German Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It started with an Ottoman attempt at raiding the Suez Canal in 1915 and ended with the Armistice of Mudros in 1918, leading to the cession of Ottoman Syria. More on The Sinai and Palestine campaign

Maxwell, Donald

British Monitors off the Coast of Palestine (M31)

Ink

Height 184 mm, Width 190 mm

Imperial War Museums

Two Royal Navy monitors in the water, with one in the right foreground shown from the port side and another immediately in front of the first, also shown from the port side. There is another vessel, possibly another monitor, in the left background.

Maxwell, Donald

Monitor 31 Bombarding Gaza

Watercolour

Height 228 mm, Width 349 mm

Imperial War Museums

A port side view of a Royal Navy monitor bombarding the city of Gaza from coastal waters. There are other ships to the right and the coastline is visible in the background to the left. Smoke emanates from the ship's funnel and front gun turret.

HMS M31 was an M29-class monitor of the Royal Navy. Launched on 24 June 1915, she was completed in July 1915. Upon completion, HMS M31 was sent to the Mediterranean, and remained there until March, 1919.

In 1916, she defended the port city of Yanbo, in Saudi Arabia, against the Turkish army by providing artillery cover for the Arab rebels.  She served from May to September 1919 in support of British and White Russian forces in the White Sea, before returning to England. More on HMS M31

Maxwell, Donald

Another Samson at the Gates of Gaza : a seaplane incident: Commander Samson, RNAS at Gaza

Watercolour

Height 292 mm, Width 406 mm

Imperial War Museums

A distant aircraft under anti-aircraft above a landscape of local houses and trees.

Maxwell, Donald

The Streets of Askelon: The Strand

Watercolour

Height 184 mm, Width 298 mm

Imperial War Museums

Two Royal Navy sailors manoeuvre a small rowing boat on the shore of a beach, with another sailor signalling with flags to men standing at the top of a headland. Along the coast are some of the ancient stone ruins of the city of Askalon, with some wooden struts protruding from the small cliff to the right.

Ashkelon is a coastal city in the Southern District of Palestine on the Mediterranean coast, 50 kilometres south of Tel Aviv, and 13 kilometres north of the border with the Gaza Strip

The Palestinian city, then known as Migdal, was founded in 1949 approximately 4 km inland from ancient Ascalon at the Palestinian town of al-Majdal. Its inhabitants had been exclusively Muslims and Christians and the area had been allocated to the Arab state in the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine; on the eve of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War the inhabitants numbered 10,000 and in October 1948, the city accommodated thousands more Palestinian refugees from nearby villages. The town was conquered by Israeli forces on 5 November 1948, by which time much of the Arab population had fled, leaving some 2,700 inhabitants, of which 500 were deported by Israeli soldiers in December 1948 and most of the rest were deported by 1950. Today, the city's population is almost entirely Jewish. More on Ashkelon

Maxwell, Donald

The Wells at Samaria

Indian troops fetching water during the advance

Watercolour

Height 184 mm, Width 298 mm

Imperial War Museums

Indian Army troops collect water from a series of old wells in Samaria. The wells and the surrounding walls appear to date from ancient times, and steps lead up to ground level in the background, with horse-drawn transport waiting above.

Two Indian cavalry divisions (4th Cavalry Division and 5th Cavalry Division) transferred from France in 1918, for service in Palestine. 

The Indian Army, also called the British Indian Army, was involved in World War I as part of the British Empire. More than one million Indian troops served overseas, of whom more than 60,000 died during the war. More on Indian troops

Jacob's Well, also known as The Wells at Samaria, is a Christian holy site located in Balata village, a suburb of the Palestinian city of Nablus in the West Bank. The well, currently situated inside an Eastern Orthodox church and monastery, has been associated in religious tradition with the biblical patriarch Jacob for roughly two millennia.

The well is named in the New Testament Gospel of John as the scene of Jesus's encounter with the Samaritan woman. More on The Wells at Samaria

Maxwell, Donald

Nablous

Australian cavalry entering the ancient Shechem, the capital of Samaria

Watercolour

Height 279 mm, Width 444 mm

Imperial War Museums

A column of Australian cavalry gallops along a road in a valley floor into the small town of Shechem. The rear of the column is in the foreground, with the front of it just entering the town, whose buildings are visible in the distance. The valley is bordered, on the left and right, by steep-sided hills.

Maxwell, Donald

The Church at Kuryet-el-Enab

used temporarily as a hospital

Watercolour

Height 419 mm, Width 266 mm

Imperial War Museums

The interior of a church requisitioned as a hospital. In the foreground two men sit on stretchers talking to one another. To the right, two stretcher bearers lower a stretcher onto the church floor. Other men are visible further back, with the altar and a bright stained-glass window in the background.

Kuryet-el-Enab is located in one of the earliest areas of human habitation in Palestine. Archaeological excavations have revealed three Neolithic settlement phases, the middle phase is dated to the 7th millennium BCE. 

Donald Maxwell (1877-1936) was a painter, etcher and illustrator, born in Clapham, south London the son of a Methodist minister. Maxwell studied at Clapham School of Art, the Slade School of Fine Art, and the Royal College of Art all towards the close of the 19th century. After his marriage in 1907, he and his wife resided on a yacht moored on the River Thames before relocating to Rochester, Kent. He soon began writing and illustrating extensively for The Yachting Monthly and other magazines and in 1909, he came to the public's attention with his dramatic sketch, 'The Battle Fleet off Southend', published by the Daily Graphic in 1909. He thereafter embarked on a career as a naval artist and correspondent and became a regular correspondent for the Daily Graphic and the weekly illustrated paper The Graphic continuing to do so until the latter's closure in the 1930's. During World War I was an Official War Artist attached to the Admiralty, visiting Palestine and Mesopotamia. He accompanied the Prince of Wales on his tour of India and illustrated The Prince of Wales' Eastern Book and wrote and illustrated many books on travel and topography and also received poster commissions from Southern Railways. He showed at the Royal Academy, Manchester Academy of Fine Arts and at the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool. Examples of his work are in the collection of the Imperial War Museum. More on Donald Maxwell

Carline, Sydney William

Study for 'The Sea of Galilee'

Aeroplanes attacking Turkish Boats

Watercolour

Height 233 mm, Width 280 mm

Imperial War Museums

An aerial view of the Sea of Galilee, flanked by hills on the right-hand shore, the river Jordan on the lower left and a snow-capped Mount Hermon rising above clouds in the upper right of the composition. There are two aircraft on the left, and another flying directly above the lake over three small, dark shapes of Turkish motorboats moving on the water below. Grey puffs of smoke hang in the sky to the left and upper left. 

Sydney William Carline (14 August 1888 – 14 February 1929) was a British artist and teacher known for his depictions of aerial combat painted during World War One.

Sydney William Carline studied under his father, the painter George Francis Carline (1855-1920); at the Slade School of Fine Art, University College London from 1907 to 1910; and in Paris. He subsequently worked as a painter, sculptor and medallist. During World War One, he served as a despatch rider before becoming a pilot in the Royal Flying Corps. Like his younger brother, the painter Richard Carline (1896-1980), he was also appointed an Official War Artist attached to the Royal Air Force. In 1922 he was elected a member of the London Group with whom he exhibited from 1922 to 1929. He also exhibited at the Grosvenor Gallery, Goupil Gallery, London Salon, New English Art Club, and Royal Academy in London; the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool; Manchester City Art Gallery; and at the Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts. More on Sydney William Carline

Stuart Reid (NZ/British/Aust., 1883-1971)

A Handley Page Aeroplane Bombing Nablus by Night

Oil on canvas

Height 698 mm, Width 939 mm

Imperial War Museums

A night scene showing a Handley Page bomber flying over a darkened landscape. A thick column of smoke rises from the ground below mingling with the low cloud cover.

The Battle of Nablus took place, together with the Battle of Sharon during the set piece Battle of Megiddo between 19 and 25 September 1918 in the last months of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War. Fighting took place in the Judean Hills where the British Empire's XX Corps attacked the Ottoman Empire's Yildirim Army Group's Seventh Army defending their line in front of Nablus. More on The Battle of Nablus

In 1909 Reid, Stuart went to London to study art. During WWI he served in Gallipoli and Sinai with the Scottish Light Horse before transferring to the Royal Flying Corps in Palestine. He continued to sketch and paint, and was a friend of Colonel T.E. Lawrence aka Lawrence of Arabia. During this time Reid was commissioned to paint a number of works for the British Imperial War Museum. In 1922 he returned to New Zealand. He later settled in Sydney. More on Reid, Stuart

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