01 Work, The art of War, The Battle of Yarmouk between the army of the Byzantine Empire and the Arab Muslim forces of the Rashidun Caliphate, with Footnotes

Anonymous Catalonian illustrator

Detail; The Battle of Yarmouk (636)

Parchment

Bibliothèque Nationale

The Saracens are shown with a star and crescent banner, the Byzantines (anachronistically in Crusader era armour) with a star banner.

The Battle of the Yarmuk (also spelled Yarmouk) was a major battle between the army of the Byzantine Empire and the Arab Muslim forces of the Rashidun Caliphate. The battle consisted of a series of engagements that lasted for six days in August 636, near the Yarmouk River, along what are now the borders of Syria–Jordan and Syria-Israel, southeast of the Sea of Galilee. The result of the battle was a crushing Muslim victory that ended Roman rule in Syria after about seven centuries. The Battle of the Yarmuk is regarded as one of the most decisive battles in military history, and it marked the first great wave of early Muslim conquests after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, heralding the rapid advance of Islam into the then-Christian/Roman Levant.

To check the Arab advance and to recover lost territory, Emperor Heraclius had sent a massive expedition to the Levant in May 636. As the Byzantine army approached, the Arabs tactically withdrew from Syria and regrouped all their forces at the Yarmuk plains close to the Arabian Peninsula, where they were reinforced, and defeated the numerically superior Byzantine army. The battle is widely regarded to be Khalid ibn al-Walid's greatest military victory and cemented his reputation as one of the greatest tacticians and cavalry commanders in history. More on The Battle of the Yarmuk

Anonymous Catalonian illustrator

The Battle of Yarmouk (636)

Parchment

Bibliothèque Nationale

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