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French School (15th century)
Francoise-Madeleine d'Orleans (1648-64) Duchess of Savoy, c. 1664
prior to her marriage
Oil on canvas
60 x 73 cm (23,6 x 28,7 inches)
Chateau de Versailles
Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans (13 October 1648 – 14 January 1664) was born a Princess of France and was the Duchess of Savoy as the first wife of Charles Emmanuel II. She was a first cousin of Louis XIV as well of her husband. She was the shortest-serving Savoyard consort, dying at the age of fifteen, childless.
Orléans was born in Paris in 1648. She was the youngest surviving daughter of Gaston d'Orléans and his second wife Marguerite of Lorraine. From birth, she was styled Mademoiselle de Valois, derived from one of her father's subsidiary titles. She grew up in the company of her sisters and Mademoiselle de La Vallière, future mistress of Louis XIV. She resided at the Château de Blois. Her father died in 1660 and her mother remained unmarried.
As French court etiquette dictated, she held the status of a Granddaughter of France.
Orléans married the Duke of Savoy by proxy at the Palais du Louvre on 4 March 1663. The couple met for the first time at Annecy on 3 April 1663 where they were married officially. The couple travelled to Turin, capital of Savoy, where they arrived on 15 June 1663. She was known as Francesca Maddalena d'Orléans in her adopted Savoy.
The duchess soon died on 14 Jan 1664 at the Royal Palace of Turin, leaving her husband without an heir. She was 15 years old. More on Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans
The French Renaissance was the cultural and artistic movement in France between the 15th and early 17th centuries. The period is associated with the pan-European Renaissance, a word first used by the French historian Jules Michelet to define the artistic and cultural "rebirth" of Europe.
Notable developments during the French Renaissance include the spread of humanism, early exploration of the "New World" (as New France by Giovanni da Verrazzano and Jacques Cartier); the development of new techniques and artistic forms in the fields of printing, architecture, painting, sculpture, music, the sciences and literature; and the elaboration of new codes of sociability, etiquette and discourse.
The French Renaissance traditionally extends from (roughly) the French invasion of Italy in 1494 during the reign of Charles VIII until the death of Henry IV in 1610. This chronology notwithstanding, certain artistic, technological or literary developments associated with the Renaissance arrived in France earlier; however, the Black Death of the 14th century and the Hundred Years' War kept France economically and politically weak until the late 15th century.
The reigns of Francis I of France (from 1515 to 1547) and his son Henry II (from 1547 to 1559) are generally considered the apex of the French Renaissance. More on French School (15th century)
French School circa 1680, follower of Beaubrun
FRANCES-MADELEINE ORLEANS, DUCHESS OF SAVOY, CIRCA 1680
Oil on canvas
upper right Inscriptions FRANÇOISE MADELEINE ORLEANS Duchess of Savoye / 1664 / 197BIS
the collection of brand back of King Louis-Philippe and No. 175
107.5 x 91 cm; 42 1/4 by 35 5/8 in
Orléans was born at the Château de Saint Germain en Laye outside Paris in 1648.
Le Saint-Germain-en-Laye et la rampe des grottes
She was the youngest surviving daughter of Gaston d'Orléans and his second wife Marguerite of Lorraine.
Anthony van Dyck (1599–1641)
Portrait of Gaston of France, duke of Orleans (1608-1660), c. 1632 or 1634
Father
Oil on canvas
193 × 119 cm (76 × 46.9 in)
Musée Condé
Sir Anthony van Dyck, ( 22
March 1599 – 9 December 1641) was a Flemish
Baroque artist who became the leading court painter in England, after enjoying
great success in Italy and Flanders. He is most famous for his portraits of
Charles I of England and his family and court, painted with a relaxed elegance
that was to be the dominant influence on English portrait-painting for the next
150 years. He also painted biblical and mythological subjects, displayed
outstanding facility as a draughtsman, and was an important innovator in
watercolour and etching. The Van Dyke beard is named after him. More Sir
Anthony van Dyck
Anthony van Dyck (1599–1641)
Portrait of Margaret of Lorraine
Mother
Oil on canvas
203 × 115 cm (79.9 × 45.3 in)
Uffizi Gallery
From birth, she was styled Mademoiselle de Valois, derived from one of her father's subsidiary titles. She was the favourite sister of La Grande Mademoiselle, the famous heiress. She grew up in the company of her sisters and Mademoiselle de La Vallière, future mistress of Louis XIV. She resided at the Château de Blois. Her father died in 1660 and her mother remained unmarried.
School of Pierre Mignard (1612–1695)
Portrait of Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier, also referred to as La Grande Mademoiselle
Oil on panel
140 × 110 cm (55.1 × 43.3 in)
Palace of Versailles
As French court etiquette dictated, she held the status of a Granddaughter of France as a male line descendant of the late king Henry IV of France. She was styled as a petite-fille de France.
Pierre Mignard (17 November 1612 – 30 May 1695), was a French painter known for his religious and mythological scenes and portraits. He was a near-contemporary of the Premier Peintre du Roi Charles Le Brun with whom he engaged in a bitter, life-long rivalry.
Pierre Mignard was born at Troyes in 1612. He came from a family of artisans. He was the younger brother of Nicolas, who became a painter and etcher. Mignard trained in Bourges with the Mannerist painter Jean Boucher. He then studied for a period in the studio of Simon Vouet. Mignard left for Rome in 1635 where he would stay about 22 years.
In Rome he painted religious commissions. He was particularly known for his many images of the Madonna and Child. They were so popular that they were referred to as "Mignardises." He also painted altarpieces. His compatriot Nicolas Poussin hired Mignard to make copies of is works. He was also active as a reproductive engraver making copies after Annibale Carracci. Mignard's life-long interest in portrait painting was also developed at this time and he painted portraits of subsequent popes, cardinals and prominent members of the Italian nobility. He also travelled to Northern Italy where he visited Bologna, Parma, Mantua, Florence and Venice.
His reputation was such that he was summoned to Paris in 1657. In Paris he became a popular portrait painter. He found favor with king Louis XIV who sat for many portraits. Mignard became a rival of the leading French painter of that time and first painter to the King, Charles Le Brun. He declined to enter the Academy of which Le Brun was the head. Mignard also opposed the authority of the Academy.
With the death of Le Brun in 1690, Mignard succeeded to all the posts held by his opponent. He died in 1695 at Paris as he was about to begin work on the cupola of the Invalides. More on Pierre Mignard
Anonymous (Italy)
Portrait of Christine Marie, Dowager Duchess of Savoy, c. 1633
Oil on canvasil
Staatsgalerie im Neuen Schloss, Schleißheim
Under the influence of her paternal aunt Christine Marie, Dowager Duchess of Savoy, she was engaged to her first cousin Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy. Christine Marie had chosen her as she had wanted to maintain her power and influence in government having previously been regent for her son since 1637.
Pierre Mignard (1612–1695)
Portrait of cardinal Jules Mazarin (1602-1661)
Oil on canvas
65 × 55.5 cm (25.6 × 21.9 in)
Musée Condé, Château de Chantilly, Chantilly
The match was approved of by Cardinal Mazarin who had previously rejected Marie Jeanne of Savoy, another candidate for Charles Emmanuel II. Orléans proved suitably docile and was chosen over Marie Jeanne.
Unknown
Marie Jeanne of Savoy (1644-1724) some time after her marriage holding the Savoyard crown
Oil on canvas
Location Unknown
Orléans married the Duke of Savoy by proxy at the Palais du Louvre on 4 March 1663. The couple met for the first time at Annecy on 3 April 1663 where they were married officially. The couple travelled to Turin, capital of Savoy, where they arrived on 15 June 1663. She was known as Francesca Maddalena d'Orléans in her adopted Savoy.
Piedmontese School, 17th Century
Charles Emanuel II, the Duke of Savoy, in armour
Oil on canvas
41.34 X 32.28 in (105 X 82 cm)
Private Collection
The duchess soon died on 14 Jan 1664 at the Royal Palace of Turin, leaving her husband without an heir.She was buried at Turin Cathedral where she rests today. Her husband, inconsolable at her death, ordered a lavish funeral. After Orléans' death, Louis XIV tried to engage La Grande Mademoiselle to Charles Emmanuel II who refused the match. He later married again to Marie Jeanne of Savoy by whom he had a son.
Unknown artist
Charles Dauphin - Carlo Emanuele II (1634-1675), son and heir of Vittorio Amedeo I, his wife Jeanne de Nemours (1644-1724) and his son, the future Vittorio Amedeo II (1666-1732), c. 1666
Oil on Canvas
Museo del Prado, Madrid
BRAMBILLA GIOVANNI BATTISTA
Duke Carlo Emanuele II of Savoy; Vittorio Amedeo II Prince of Piedmont, C.1675
340 CM x 282 CM
OIL ON CANVAS
PALAZZO MADAMA, Turin, Italy
Acknowledgment: Sotheby's,
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