18 Paintings of Paris, as portrayed by the Artists from 1850-1910 - Part 3 - With Footnotes

Victor-Gabriel Gilbert, (French, 1847-1935)
La marchande de fleurs sur les Quais à Paris, circa 1890 
Oil on canvas
29 x 36 1/2in (73.5 x 93cm)
Private Collection

Victor Gabriel Gilbert born in Paris the 13 February 1847 and died in the 21 July 1933. He was a French painter. He is buried in Montmartre cemetery in Paris. In 1860 he apprenticed to a painter and decorator. He followed with evening art classes under the direction of Father Levasseur, the School of the City of Paris. In the late 1870s, his taste for naturalism is developed and he turned to genre painting with scenes of streets, cafes, markets, especially that of Halles . He obtained a second class medal at the Salon of 1880 and a silver medal at the 1889 World Fair . It becomes a member of the French Society of Artists in 1914.

Victor Gilbert was appointed Knight of the Legion of Honour in 1897, and received the Prix Léon Bonnat in 1926. More

Edouard Henri Leon Cortès (French, 1882-1969)
L'opera
Oil on panel
6 1/4 x 8 3/4in (16 x 22.3 cm)
Private Collection

 Edouard Cortes, (French, 1882-1969), see below

Edouard Henri Leon Cortès (French, 1882-1969)
L'arc de triomphe
Oil on thin panel laid down on board
6 1/4 x 8 3/4in (16 x 22.3 cm)
Private Collection

 Edouard Cortes, (French, 1882-1969), see below

Edouard Henri Leon Cortès (French, 1882-1969)
Le boulevard de la Madeleine 
Oil on canvas
20 1/2 x 31 1/2in (52 x 80 cm)
Private Collection

 Edouard Cortes, (French, 1882-1969), see below

Francois Flameng (French, 1856-1923)
An elegant beauty in the park 
Oil on canvas
51 1/2 x 31 1/4in (131x 78.5cm)
Private Collection

François Flameng (1856–1923) was a very successful French painter during the last quarter of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th. He was the son of a celebrated engraver and received a first-rate education in his craft. Flameng initially received renown for his history painting and portraiture, and became a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts. He decorated such important civic buildings as the Sorbonne and the Opera Comique, and also produced advertising work. Flameng was granted France's highest civilian honor, the Legion d'Honneur, and designed France's first bank notes. More

Lucius Rossi, (Italian, 1846-1913)
Leisure hours 
Oil on cradled panel
10 1/2 x 13 3/4in (26.7 x 34.9cm)
Private Collection

Lucius Rossi, (Italian, 1846-1913) was an Italian genre and portrait painter who lived and worked in Paris. Very little is known of his life. He moved to Paris from Rome in 1867, and started work as a designer for magazines and newspapers, and probably set up as an independent artist some years following. 

His paintings are characterised by his careful attention to the details of the costumes and the interior decoration of the settings. More

Eugene Galien-Laloue (French, 1854-1941)
La Madeleine 
Gouache and watercolor heightened with white on paper laid down on board
7 3/4 x 13in (19.5 x 31.5cm)
Private Collection

L'église de la Madeleine, Madeleine Church (on the Right); less formally, just La Madeleine) is a Roman Catholic church occupying a commanding position in the 8th arrondissement of Paris. The Madeleine Church was designed in its present form as a temple to the glory of Napoleon's army. 

The square was established in 1755, as Place Louis XV. The settlement around the site was called Ville l'Évêque, for it had belonged to the Bishop of Paris since the time of Philip II of France, when Bishop Maurice de Sully seized the synagogue that stood on the site from the Jews of Paris in 1182, and consecrated it a church dedicated to Mary Magdalene. The site in the suburban faubourg had been annexed to the city of Paris in 1722. More

Eugène Galien-Laloue (1854–1941) was a French artist of French-Italian parents and was born in Paris on December 11, 1854. He was a populariser of street scenes, usually painted in autumn or winter.

His paintings of the early 1900s accurately represent the era in which he lived: a happy, bustling Paris, la Belle Époque, with horse-drawn carriages, trolley cars and its first omnibuses. Galien-Laloue's works are valued not only for their contribution to 20th-century art, but for the actual history, which they document. His work can be seen at the Musée des Beaux-Arts, Louvier; Musée des Beaux-Arts, La Rochelle; Mulhouse, France.

A typical Galien-Laloue painting depicts sidewalks and avenues crowded with people or tourists mingling before the capital's monuments. He also painted the landscapes of Normandy and Seine-et-Marne, as well as military scenes he was commissioned to produce in 1914. The Republic of France selected Galien-Laloue to work as a 'war artist,' both during the Franco-Prussian War and World War I, chiefly in watercolor.

Galien-Laloue was in exclusive contract with one gallery and used 5 other names: "L.Dupuy", "Juliany", "E.Galiany", "Lievin" and "Dumoutier". More

Edouard Henri Leon Cortès (French, 1882-1969)
La gare de l'Est 
Oil on canvas
15 x 18in (38.1 x 45.7cm)
Private Collection

 Edouard Cortes, (French, 1882-1969), see below

Edouard Henri Leon Cortès (French, 1882-1969)
Les grands boulevards 
Oil on canvas
18 x 21in (46 x 53.5cm)
Private Collection

 Edouard Cortes, (French, 1882-1969), see below

Victor Guerrier, (French, 1893-1968)
Rendez-vouz 
Oil on canvas
73.7 x 100.3cm (29 x 39 1/2in)
.Private Collection

Victor Guerrier, (French, 1893-1968)  was born and trained in Lyon living much of his life at Saint Cyr au Mont d’Or. He began his career as an illustrator but made his name painting Belle Epoque subjects and Parisian life between the wars. 

Clearly inspired by the work of Impressionist masters such Manet and Toulouse-Lautrec his work captures and celebrates the diversity of life in Paris at the turn of the century; from the nightclubs of Montmartre to the cafés of the Champ-Elysses, Guerrier depicts French high society in its pomp. There is often a subtle narrative to the work, where a stolen glance speaks volumes. Further evidence of Manet’s work is evident in his figures, who often stare directly at the viewer, creating images that are, at once, engaging and arresting, while the fashions of the age are beautifully rendered with a vivid palette and deftly applied impasto. 

Guerrier also worked in the Alps and Algeria producing a number of Orientalist subjects along with a series of paintings in St Paul de Vence. He exhibited at the Salon de Printemps. More

Edouard Henri Leon Cortès (French, 1882-1969)
A view of Notre-Dame 
Oil on panel
6 1/4 x 8 1/2in (16 x 21.5cm)
Private Collection

 Edouard Cortes, (French, 1882-1969), see below

Eugene Galien-Laloue (French, 1854-1941)
Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Paris 
Gouache and watercolor heightened with white on paper laid down on board
8 1/4 x 13 1/4in (21 x 33.5cm)
Private Collection

Jean-François Raffaëlli, 1850 - 1924
LES CHAMPS-ÉLYSÉES
signed J F RAFFAËLLI
Oil and batônet Raffaëlli on paper laid down on canvas
28 by 36 in., 71 by 91.5 cm

Les Champs-Élysées was at one time owned by Alma de Bretteville Spreckels, affectionately referred to as "Big Alma". A San Francisco socialite and philanthropist who stood six feet tall, Big Alma was a visible presence who was also considered a hugely influential art collector in America. In the early twentieth century, she spent a significant amount of time in Paris and amassed an impressive collection. She was a friend and patron to Auguste Rodin and bought many works directly from him to bring back to San Francisco where she would eventually found the California Palace of the Legion of Honor. It was in Paris where she likely acquired this painting and it has been in her family's collection until recently. More

Jean-François Raffaëlli (April 20, 1850 – February 11, 1924) was a French realist painter, sculptor, and printmaker who exhibited with the Impressionists. He was also active as an actor and writer.

Born in Paris, he was of Tuscan descent. He showed an interest in music and theatre before becoming a painter in 1870. One of his landscape paintings was accepted for exhibition at the Salon in that same year. In October 1871 he began three months of study under Jean-Léon Gérôme at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris; he had no other formal training.

Raffaëlli produced primarily costume pictures until 1876, when he began to depict the people of his time—particularly peasants, workers, and ragpickers seen in the suburbs of Paris—in a realistic style. His new work was championed by influential critics such as J.-K. Huysmans, as well as by Edgar Degas.

Degas invited Raffaëlli to participate in the Impressionist exhibitions of 1880 and 1881, an action that bitterly divided the group; not only was Raffaëlli not an Impressionist, but he threatened to dominate the 1880 exhibition with his outsized display of 37 works. Monet, resentful of Degas's insistence on expanding the Impressionist exhibitions by including several realists, chose not to exhibit.

After winning the Légion d'honneur in 1889, Raffaëlli shifted his attention from the suburbs of Paris to city itself, and the street scenes that resulted were well received by the public and the critics. He made a number of sculptures, but these are known today only through photographs. In the later years of his life, he concentrated on color printmaking. Raffaëlli died in Paris on February 11, 1924. More

 Edouard Cortes, (French, 1882-1969)
La Porte Saint Martin, c. 1920s/1930
Oil on canvas
18 x 21 in. (457 x 533 mm)
Private Collection

This in the 10eme arrondissement, probably from the vantage point of the Rue du Faubourg Saint Martin. 

Edouard Léon Cortès (1882–1969) was a French post-impressionist artist of French and Spanish ancestry. He is known as "Le Poete Parisien de la Peinture" or "the Parisian Poet of Painting" because of his diverse Paris cityscapes in a variety of weather and night settings. Cortes was born in Lagny-sur-Marne, about twenty miles east of Paris. His father, Antonio Cortès, had been a painter for the Spanish Royal Court.

Although Cortès was a pacifist, when war came close to his native village he was compelled to enlist in a French Infantry Regiment at the age of 32. As a contact agent Cortès was wounded by a bayonet, evacuated to a military hospital, and awarded the Croix de Guerre. After recovery he was the reassigned to utilize his artistic talent to sketch enemy positions. Later in life his convictions led him to refuse the Légion d'Honneur from the French Government. In 1919 he was demobilized.

Cortès lived a simple life amid a close circle of friends. He died on November 28, 1969, in Lagny, and has a street named in his honor. More

Georges Stein (1870-1955)
Paris Street Scene
Watercolor
13 x 8 3/4 in (33 x 22.2 cm)
Private Collection

Georges Stein was a late 19th and early 20th century French painter, best known for scenes of Parisian street life. Sources conflict about Stein's dates of birth and death. The Benezit Dictionary of Artists gives the year of birth as "c. 1870". The auction house Christie's, among others, gives the dates 1855–1930, and the French National Library the dates 1870–1955. Moreover, the journal L'Éventail of 15 January 1918 mentions "the painter Georges Stein who recently died at Geneva".

There is also some confusion as to the gender of Stein. While the Benezit Dictionary and L'Éventail refer to Stein as male, some gallery websites describe Stein as a female painter. More

Victor Guerrier (1893 - 1968)
La Promenade
Signed 
Oil on Canvas 
39⅜ x 28¾ in – 100 x 73 cm
Private Collection

Victor Guerrier (1893 - 1968), see above

 Victor Guerrier (French, 1893-1968)
Jeunes femmes au marché aux fleurs 
Oil on canvas
100.4 x 81.3cm (39 1/2 x 32in)
Private Collection

Victor Guerrier (1893 - 1968), see above

Marie-François Firmin-Girard, 1838-1921
AUTUMN MARKET AT LES HALLES
Oil on canvas
32 3/4 by 46 in., 83 by 117 cm

Les Halles has been an important commercial area in Paris since the twelfth century, when King Philippe II Auguste expanded the marketplace and built a shelter for the merchants that came from all over to sell their wares. In the 1850s, massive glass and iron buildings were added and are depicted in Firmin-Girard's composition, out of which spills this bustling autumn market-scene behind the Église de Saint Eustache. More

François-Marie Firmin-Girard, born 29 May 1838 in Poncin ( Ain ) and died 8 January 1921 in Montlucon ( Allier ), is a historical painter of religious subjects, genre scenes, portraits, landscapes, still lifes and flowers.

He established himself very early, in Paris. He entered the School of Fine Arts in 1854 in the workshops of Charles Gleyre and Jean-Léon Gérôme . He won the second Prix de Rome in 1861 and set up his studio at Boulevard de Clichy in Paris. From 1859 he exhibited at the Paris Salon and the Salon of French artists , winning numerous medals. Sometimes with a realistic style, sometimes close to Impressionism, always with a beautiful light, he painted with equal ease his history paintings, genre scenes, landscapes and flowers. Among his many works are cited San Sebastian, After the Ball, Shopping flowers, The Betrothed, The Terrace at Le Quai Onival or flowers. Firmin-Girard was certainly one of the most popular painters of the public of his time in Paris. More

Acknowledgement: Bonhams, Sotheby's, 

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