01 Work, The art of War, József Molnár's Warrior Dezső Sacrifices his Life for King Charles Robert, with Footnotes

József Molnár  (1821–1899)

Warrior Dezső Sacrifices his Life for King Charles Robert, c. 1855

Oil on canvas

height: 152 cm (59.8 in); width: 187 cm (73.6 in)

Hungarian National Gallery

King Charles Robert of Anjou fleeing from the Battle of Posada (November 9-12, 1330). Romantic painting Charles' army wear hussar clothes of the 17th century. The Basarab I of Wallachia's army ambushed Charles Robert of Anjou, king of Hungary and his 30,000-strong invading army. The Vlach (Romanian) warriors rolled down rocks over the cliff edges in a place where the Hungarian mounted knights could not escape from them nor climb the heights to dislodge the attackers. More on this painting

Charles I (born 1288, Naples, Kingdom of Naples [Italy]—died July 16, 1342, Visegrád, Hung.) courtly, pious king of Hungary who restored his kingdom to the status of a great power and enriched and civilized it.

Charles was the son of Charles Martel of Anjou-Naples and Clemencia of Habsburg, daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf I. As great-grandson of Stephen V and with papal approval, Charles claimed the Hungarian throne after the death of Andrew III, the last of the Árpád line, and was crowned in 1301. When his claim was disputed, however, he was forced to surrender the crown to Wenceslas of Bohemia, who in 1305 transferred his right to Otto, duke of Lower Bavaria. After Otto was taken prisoner by the Hungarians, Charles was recognized as king in 1308 and received the Crown of St. Stephen at Székesfehérvár on Aug. 27, 1310. More on Charles I

The Battle of Posada (9–12 November 1330) was fought between Basarab I of Wallachia and Charles I of Hungary (also known as Charles Robert).

The small Wallachian army led by Basarab, formed of cavalry and foot archers, as well as local peasants, managed to ambush and defeat the 30,000-strong Hungarian army, in a mountainous region.

The battle resulted in a major Wallachian victory. Sălăgean writes that the victory "sanctioned the independence of Wallachia from the Hungarian crown" and altered its international status. Georgescu describes Wallachia as the "first independent Romanian principality." Although the kings of Hungary continued to demand loyalty from the voivodes of Wallachia, Basarab and his successors yielded to them only temporarily in the 14th century. More on The Battle of Posada

József Molnár (21 March 1821 - 6 March 1899) was a Hungarian painter. Molnár was born in Zsámbék and studied in Venice, Rome and Munich. After his studies, he settled down in Stuttgart, where he earned money by painting portraits. He returned to Hungary in 1853 and started painting landscapes and historic paintings in Pest. More on József Molnár

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